p18c8qhr8d1e6s1rf958b2ek1og14.jpg
Even the worst-performing banks with $20 billion or more in assets enjoyed double-digit stock price gains in 2013 as a rising tide lifted all boats. However, the following institutions underperformed relative to the KBW Bank Stock Index's 30% rise (all prices are for the year through Dec. 12).

Data: Sandler O'Neill and SNL Financial

p18c8qhr8djac4ffg6t1e7pben5.jpg

First Horizon (FHN)

Total return: 12.7%

In October the Memphis, Tenn. company posted a huge third-quarter loss — $107 million — after reaching an agreement to buy back soured mortgages from Fannie Mae. First Horizon set aside $200 million to cover the repurchase agreement and higher estimated losses from a mortgage business it had sold.

p18cfu57uq4465tv1rk011pthph6.jpg

Northern Trust (NTRS)

Total return: 13.9%

Northern Trust's significantly missed Wall Street earnings expectations in the second quarter after revenue stalled and expenses rose more than analysts had forecast. The third quarter was better but still left investors unimpressed.

p18c8qhr8d1ult1tvuml5fh51q457.jpg

BOK Financial (BOKF)

Total return: 14.7%

The Oklahoma City company and retiring CEO Stan Lybarger were stung by the summer's spike in long-term interest rates and the end of the mortgage-refi boom. Although profitable, BOK missed third-quarter Wall Street estimates due to the mortgage slowdown, margin compression and higher credit costs.

p18c8qhr8du2i1vcol6l10u71aa58.jpg

M&T Bank (MTB)

Total return: 15.8%

M&T's pending acquisition of Hudson City Bancorp (HCBK) has been delayed as executives and regulators sort through compliance issues involving anti-money-laundering laws. In August, M&T disclosed that the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Justice Department are investigating financial reports Wilmington Trust filed prior to its 2011 acquisition by M&T.

p18c8qhr8d1hd61qoedaudfg1pof9.jpg

People's United (PBCT)

Total return: 20.8%

The Bridgeport, Conn. company's net interest margin got squeezed in 2013. Low loan yields squeezed profitability in the second quarter, although increased lending in the subsequent quarter seemed to help results.

p18c8qhr8do9t1ng61ne11ms21ri9a.jpg

BB&T (BBT)

Total return: 21.5%

BB&T was on the losing end of a September court decision over taxes and penalties, which forced the Winston-Salem, N.C., company to record a $235 million tax adjustment in the third quarter. CEO Kelly King has vowed to remain a conservative lender, despite low yields and heavy competition.

p18c8qhr8dpmk2ce66n1g28p82b.jpg

US Bancorp (USB)

Total return: 22.7%

The Minneapolis company has largely avoided negative headlines, although it did agree this month to pay $53 million to Fannie Mae to resolve mortgage repurchase obligations. Even so, it managed to post a stock price performance that in an average year would have been regarded as stellar.

MORE FROM AMERICAN BANKER